Members of
the group:
1.
Hidayat
2.
Mifta
Huljannah
3.
Nisa
Nur Hikmah
4.
Nuriyanti
Oktavia
Class: 3EB14
a.
IndiaIntroduction
India
is officially called Republic of India (Hindi Bharat), is located in southern
Asia and is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. India consists
geographically of the entire Indian Peninsula and portions of the Asian
mainland. To its north lies Afghanistan, China, Nepal, and Bhutan; to its east
is Bangladesh, Myanmar (formerly known as Burma), and the Bay of Bengal; Palk
Strait and the Gulf of Mannar (which separate it from Sri Lanka) and the Indian
Ocean are to the south; and on the west is the Arabian Sea and Pakistan.
India
is predominantly Hindu, with 81% of the population practicing that religion.
Next is Muslim at 12%, Christian at 2%, and all others within the last 5% of
the society.It has been found that in most cultures, their is a correlation
between a country's religion and the Hofstede Dimension rankings it has. There
is only one country with over 50% of its population practicing the Hindu
religion – India.
b.
Indian
Society & Culture
Hierarchy
·
The
influences of Hinduism and the tradition of the caste system have created a
culture that emphasizes established hierarchical relationships.
·
Indians
are always conscious of social order and their status relative to other people,
be they family, friends, or strangers.
·
All
relationships involve hierarchies. In schools, teachers are called gurus and
are viewed as the source of all knowledge. The patriarch, usually the father,
is considered the leader of the family. The boss is seen as the source of
ultimate responsibility in business. Every relationship has a clear- cut
hierarchy that must be observed for the social order to be maintained.
The
Role of the Family
·
People
typically define themselves by the groups to which they belong rather than by
their status as individuals. Someone is deemed to be affiliated to a specific
state, region, city, family, career path, religion, etc.
·
This
group orientation stems from the close personal ties Indians maintain with
their family, including the extended family.
·
The
extended family creates a myriad of interrelationships, rules, and structures.
Along with these mutual obligations comes a deep-rooted trust among relatives.
Just
Can't Say No
·
Indians
do not like to express 'no,' be it verbally or non- verbally.
·
Rather
than disappoint you, for example, by saying something isn't available, Indians
will offer you the response that they think you want to hear.
·
This
behaviour should not be considered dishonest. An Indian would be considered
terribly rude if he did not attempt to give a person what had been asked.
·
Since
they do not like to give negative answers, Indians may give an affirmative
answer but be deliberately vague about any specific details. This will require you to look for non-verbal
cues, such as a reluctance to commit to an actual time for a meeting or an
enthusiastic response.
c.
India
Appearance
·
Men
are generally expected to wear a suit and tie for business, although the jacket
may be removed in the summer. Women should wear conservative dresses or
pantsuits.
·
When
dressing casual, short-sleeved shirts and long pants are preferred for men;
shorts are acceptable only when exercising. Women must keep their upper arms,
chest, back, and legs covered at all times.
·
Women
should wear long pants when exercising.
·
The
use of leather products including belts or handbags may be considered
offensive, especially in temples. Hindus revere cows and do not use leather
products.
d.
India
Behavior
·
The
head is considered the seat of the soul. Never touch someone else’s head, not
even to pat the hair of a child.
·
Beckoning
someone with the palm up and wagging one finger can be construed as in insult.
Standing with your hands on your hips will be interpreted as an angry,
aggressive posture.
·
Whistling
is impolite and winking may be interpreted as either an insult or a sexual
proposition.
·
Never
point your feet at a person. Feet are considered unclean. If your shoes or feet
touch another person, apologize.
·
Gifts
are not opened in the presence of the giver. If you receive a wrapped gift, set
it aside until the giver leaves.
·
Business
lunches are preferred to dinners. Hindus do not eat beef and Muslims do not eat
pork.
e.
India
Communications
·
There
are more than fourteen major and three hundred minor languages spoken in India.
The official languages are English and Hindi. English is widely used in
business, politics and education.
·
The
word "no" has harsh implications in India. Evasive refusals are more
common, and are considered more polite. Never directly refuse an invitation, a
vague "I’ll try" is an acceptable refusal.
·
Do
not thank your hosts at the end of a meal. "Thank you" is considered
a form of payment and therefore insulting.
·
Titles
are very important. Always use professional titles.
f.
Etiquette
and Customs in India
Meeting Etiquette
·
Religion,
education and social class all influence greetings in India.
·
This
is a hierarchical culture, so greet the eldest or most senior person first.
·
When
leaving a group, each person must be bid farewell individually.
·
Shaking
hands is common, especially in the large cities among the more educated who are
accustomed to dealing with westerners.
·
Men
may shake hands with other men and women may shake hands with other women;
however there are seldom handshakes between men and women because of religious
beliefs. If you are uncertain, wait for them to extend their hand.
Gift Giving Etiquette
·
Indians
believe that giving gifts eases the transition into the next life.
·
Gifts
of cash are given to friends and members of the extended family to celebrate
life events such as birth, death and marriage.
·
It
is not the value of the gift, but the sincerity with which it is given, that is
important to the recipient.
·
If
invited to an Indian's home for a meal, it is not necessary to bring a gift,
although one will not be turned down.
·
Do
not give frangipani or white flowers as they are used at funerals.
·
Yellow,
green and red are lucky colours, so try to use them to wrap gifts.
·
A
gift from a man should be said to come from both he and his wife/mother/sister
or some other female relative.
·
Hindus
should not be given gifts made of leather.
·
Muslims
should not be given gifts made of pigskin or alcoholic products.
·
Gifts
are not opened when received.
Dining
Etiquette
·
Indians
entertain in their homes, restaurants, private clubs, or other public venues,
depending upon the occasion and circumstances.
·
Although
Indians are not always punctual themselves, they expect foreigners to arrive
close to the appointed time.
·
Take
off your shoes before entering the house.
·
Dress
modestly and conservatively.
·
Politely
turn down the first offer of tea, coffee, or snacks. You will be asked again
and again. Saying no to the first invitation is part of the protocol.
There
are diverse dietary restrictions in India, and these may affect the foods that
are served:
·
Hindus
do not eat beef and many are vegetarians.
·
Muslims
do not eat pork or drink alcohol.
·
Sikhs
do not eat beef.
·
Lamb,
chicken, and fish are the most commonly served main courses for non-vegetarian
meals as they avoid the meat restrictions of the religious groups.
·
Much
Indian food is eaten with the fingers.
·
Wait
to be told where to sit.
·
If
utensils are used, they are generally a tablespoon and a fork.
·
Guests
are often served in a particular order: the guest of honour is served first,
followed by the men, and the children are served last. Women typically serve
the men and eat later.
·
You
may be asked to wash your hands before and after sitting down to a meal.
·
Always
use your right hand to eat, whether you are using utensils or your fingers.
·
In
some situations food may be put on your plate for you, while in other
situations you may be allowed to serve yourself from a communal bowl.
·
Leaving
a small amount of food on your plate indicates that you are satisfied.
Finishing all your food means that you are still hungry.
g.
Business
Etiquette and Protocol in India
Relationships & Communication
·
Indians
prefer to do business with those they know.
·
Relationships
are built upon mutual trust and respect.
·
In
general, Indians prefer to have long-standing personal relationships prior to
doing business.
·
It
may be a good idea to go through a third party introduction. This gives you
immediate credibility.
Business
Meeting Etiquette
·
If
you will be travelling to India from abroad, it is advisable to make
appointments by letter, at least one month and preferably two months in
advance.
·
It
is a good idea to confirm your appointment as they do get cancelled at short
notice.
·
The
best time for a meeting is late morning or early afternoon. Reconfirm your
meeting the week before and call again that morning, since it is common for
meetings to be cancelled at the last minute.
·
Keep
your schedule flexible so that it can be adjusted for last minute rescheduling
of meetings.
·
You
should arrive at meetings on time since Indians are impressed with punctuality.
·
Meetings
will start with a great deal of getting-to- know-you talk. In fact, it is quite
possible that no business will be discussed at the first meeting.
·
Always
send a detailed agenda in advance. Send back-up materials and charts and other
data as well. This allows everyone to review and become comfortable with the
material prior to the meeting.
·
Follow
up a meeting with an overview of what was discussed and the next steps.
Business
Negotiating
·
Indians
are non-confrontational. It is rare for them to overtly disagree, although this
is beginning to change in the managerial ranks.
·
Decisions
are reached by the person with the most authority.
·
Decision
making is a slow process.
·
If
you lose your temper you lose face and prove you are unworthy of respect and
trust.
·
Delays
are to be expected, especially when dealing with the government.
·
Most
Indians expect concessions in both price and terms. It is acceptable to expect
concessions in return for those you grant.
·
Never
appear overly legalistic during negotiations. In general, Indians do not trust
the legal system and someone's word is sufficient to reach an agreement.
·
Do
not disagree publicly with members of your negotiating team.
·
Successful
negotiations are often celebrated by a meal.
Dress
Etiquette
·
Business
attire is conservative.
·
Men
should wear dark coloured conservative business suits.
·
Women
should dress conservatively in suits or dresses.
·
The
weather often determines clothing. In the hotter parts of the country, dress is
less formal, although dressing as suggested above for the first meeting will
indicate respect.
Titles
·
Indians
revere titles such as Professor, Doctor and Engineer.
·
Status
is determined by age, university degree, caste and profession.
·
If
someone does not have a professional title, use the honorific title
"Sir" or "Madam".
·
Titles
are used with the person's name or the surname, depending upon the person's
name. (See Social Etiquette for more information on Indian naming conventions.)
·
Wait
to be invited before using someone's first name without the title.
Business
Cards
·
Business
cards are exchanged after the initial handshake and greeting.
·
If
you have a university degree or any honour, put it on your business card.
·
Use
the right hand to give and receive business cards.
·
Business
cards need not be translated into Hindi.
·
Always
present your business card so the recipient may read the card as it is handed
to them.
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